IMAGES FROM CHAPTER 6
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	FIGURE 6.1
	GPS satellite constellation design, mid-1980s
	from R. L. Beard, J. Murray, and J. D. White, “GPS Clock Technology and the Navy PTTI Programs at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory,” in Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting (1986), 50 Public Domain: US government
	FIGURE 6.2
	A GPS collar on “Floggy,” a brown hyena, in Namibia in 2006
	photo by Ingrid Wiesel, from “Predicting the influence of land development on brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) movement and activity” used with permission
	FIGURE 6.3
	The "birdcage" of the US Navy's Transit satellites
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1978
	FIGURE 6.4
	Coverage of Omega lattice charts in the early 1970s: maps were not available gray areas
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
	FIGURE 6.5
	The US Navy's AN/UYK-1 computer for Transit satellite navigation, circa 1961
	from Ramo-Woolridge (a division of TRW), AN/UYK-1: A Multiple Purpose Digital Computer, 21 Apr 1961 Public Domain: no copyright notice
	FIGURE 6.6
	Shrinking Transit equipment from Magnavox, 1968 to 1976
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1971, 1978
	FIGURE 6.7
	Omega transmitter locations, 1951–1997 download locations as a GIS layer
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
	FIGURE 6.8
	Proposed network of Omega monitoring stations as of 1978
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1978
	FIGURE 6.9
	A 1975 proposal for “differential” Omega stations in the contiguous United States
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1975
	FIGURE 6.10
	Ground installations for the Transit satellite system
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
	FIGURE 6.11
	A civilian satellite-navigation system designed for NASA, circa 1970
	from Leo M. Keane et al., “Global Navigation and Traffic Control Using Satellites,” NASA Technical Report R-342, July 1970,12 Public Domain: US government
	FIGURE 6.12
	A plan for megaregional coverage for a civilian satellite navigation system in a geostationary orbit, mid-1960s
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1966
	FIGURE 6.13
	A plan for near-global civilian coverage from six geostationary satellites, mid-1960s
	Navigation (US) Copyright 1967
	FIGURE 6.14
	Launch and operational status of GPS satellites, 1978–2010 download data in a spreadsheet
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
	FIGURE 6.15
	The shrinking size of GPS equipment: the "Manpack" of 1978 compared with the DAGR of 2004
	from Steven Lazar, “Modernization and the Move to GPS III,” Crosslink 3 (Summer 2002), 45, and Rockwell Collins, Inc. Copyright 1978?, 2008?
	FIGURE 6.16
	OpenStreetMap data, before and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake
	adapted from Mikel Maron's screencaptures Creative Commons BY-SA
	FIGURE 6.17
	Shindand airfield, Afghanistan, after an American GPS-guided bomb strike, October 2001
	US Department of Defense Public Domain: US government
	FIGURE 6.18
	GPS augmentation systems as of 2015: Differential GPS (DGPS) and Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) download DGPS as GIS layers
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
	FIGURE 6.19
	GPS ground installations: original US-controlled sites, with more recent stations in other countries
	William Rankin Creative Commons BY-NC-SA